In the world of programming, arrays are one of the most fundamental data structures. They provide a way to store multiple elements of the same type in a contiguous block of memory.

Arrays have various operations that allow us to work with the data they store. Let's explore some of these operations:

• Declaration and Initialization: To use an array, we need to declare and initialize it. This involves specifying the data type of the elements and providing an initial set of values. For example, in C++, we can declare and initialize an array of integers like this:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1#include <iostream>
  2#include <vector>
  3
  4int main() {
  5  // Declare and initialize an array
  6  std::vector<int> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  7
  8  // Rest of the code
  9}

• Accessing Elements: We can access individual elements in an array using their index. The index represents the position of an element in the array, starting from 0. For example, if we want to access the element at index 2 of the array arr, we can do it like this:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1std::cout << "The element at index 2 is: " << arr[2] << std::endl;

• Modifying Elements: Arrays allow us to modify elements by assigning new values to them. For example, if we want to change the value at index 3 of the array arr to 10, we can do it like this:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1arr[3] = 10;

• Iterating Over Elements: We can iterate over the elements in an array using a loop. This allows us to perform operations on each element individually. For example, we can print all the elements in the array arr like this:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1std::cout << "The elements in the array are: ";
  2for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
  3  std::cout << arr[i] << " ";
  4}
  5std::cout << std::endl;

• Adding and Removing Elements: Arrays can be dynamically resized by adding or removing elements. In C++, we can add an element to the end of the array using the push_back function, and remove the last element using the pop_back function. For example:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1arr.push_back(6);    // Add element 6 to the end
  2arr.pop_back();       // Remove the last element

• Getting the Size: We can get the size of an array, which represents the number of elements it currently holds. For example, we can get the size of the array arr like this:

  TEXT/X-C++SRC

  1std::cout << "The size of the array is: " << arr.size() << std::endl;

Arrays are a fundamental building block in programming and are used extensively in various algorithms and data structures. Understanding arrays and their operations is essential for any developer who wants to work with data efficiently and effectively.

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}

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

​

int main() {

  // Declare and initialize an array

  std::vector<int> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

​

  // Access elements in the array

  std::cout << "The element at index 2 is: " << arr[2] << std::endl;

​

  // Modify elements in the array

  arr[3] = 10;

​

  // Iterate over the array

  std::cout << "The elements in the array are: ";

  for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {

    std::cout << arr[i] << " ";

  }

  std::cout << std::endl;

​

  // Add elements to the end of the array

  arr.push_back(6);

​

  // Remove elements from the array

  arr.pop_back();

​

  // Get the size of the array

  std::cout << "The size of the array is: " << arr.size() << std::endl;

​