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In Spring Boot applications, Hibernate and JPA are commonly used to perform object-relational mapping (ORM). Hibernate provides a convenient way to map Java objects to database tables, while JPA is a specification that defines a set of interfaces and annotations for working with ORM frameworks.

Object-relational mapping is a technique used to map object-oriented concepts to ____ concepts. With ORM, you can model your database tables as Java classes and perform database operations using object-oriented syntax.

For example, let's consider an Employee class that represents an employee in a company:

1@Entity
2@Table(name = "employees")
3public class Employee {
4
5    @Id
6    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
7    private int id;
8
9    @Column(name = "first_name")
10    private String firstName;
11
12    @Column(name = "last_name")
13    private String lastName;
14
15    @Column(name = "email")
16    private String email;
17
18    // Constructors, getters, setters
19
20}

In the above code, the @Entity annotation marks the class as an entity, which corresponds to a database table. The @Table annotation specifies the name of the database table associated with the entity. Each attribute of the class is annotated with @Column to map it to a column in the table.