Welcome to the "STL Algorithms" section of the "STL Library" lesson!

As a senior engineer interested in networking and engineering in C++ as it pertains to finance, understanding the various algorithms provided by the STL library is crucial.

The STL library provides a wide range of algorithms that can be used to perform common operations on containers such as sorting, searching, counting, and more.

Let's take a look at some examples:

1. Sorting a vector

1#include <algorithm>
2#include <vector>
3
4int main() {
5    std::vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};
6
7    // Sorting the vector
8    std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
9
10    // Outputting the sorted numbers
11    for (int num : nums) {
12        std::cout << num << " ";
13    }
14}

In this example, we have a vector nums containing some numbers. We use the std::sort algorithm to sort the vector in ascending order. The sorted numbers are then printed.

2. Finding the maximum element

1#include <algorithm>
2#include <vector>
3
4int main() {
5    std::vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};
6
7    // Finding the maximum element
8    int maxNum = *std::max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());
9
10    std::cout << "Maximum number: " << maxNum;
11}

In this example, we use the std::max_element algorithm to find the maximum element in the vector nums. The maximum number is then printed.

3. Counting the occurrences of a number

1#include <algorithm>
2#include <vector>
3
4int main() {
5    std::vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 8, 3, 8};
6
7    // Counting the occurrences of 8
8    int count = std::count(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 8);
9
10    std::cout << "Occurrences of 8: " << count;
11}

In this example, we use the std::count algorithm to count the occurrences of the number 8 in the vector nums. The count is then printed.

By utilizing the various algorithms provided by the STL library, you can perform complex operations on containers in a simple and efficient manner.

Next, we will explore the concept of iterators in the STL library.

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#include <iostream>

#include <algorithm>

#include <vector>

​

int main() {

    std::vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};

​

    // Sorting the vector

    std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());

​

    std::cout << "Sorted numbers: ";

    for (int num : nums) {

        std::cout << num << " ";

    }

​

    std::cout << std::endl;

​

    // Finding the maximum element

    int maxNum = *std::max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());

​

    std::cout << "Maximum number: " << maxNum << std::endl;

​

    // Counting the occurrences of a number

    int count = std::count(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 8);

​

    std::cout << "Occurrences of 8: " << count << std::endl;

​

    return 0;

}